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The Mexican nobility includes elite indigenous families from the pre-hispanic era; indigenous elites recognized as nobles in the colonial era (1521–1821); and hereditary nobles and economic elites who acquired noble titles in the colonial era; and the First Mexican Empire (1821–23), immediately after independence from Spain, and the Second Mexican Empire 1862–67. While some titles were granted in Mexico itself, other families brought with them their old titles from Europe. Some Mexicans acquired, by marriage to titled foreigners or through outright purchase, titles of nobility from European countries excluding Vatican. These were primarily Italian and German titles, such as the Duque de Rausenbach and the famed Marqués de San Basilio, who wed the rich Béistegui heiress in ''belle époque'' France. By the late 19th century, a few Mexican families saw their titles ascend into the ''grandeza'', such as the dukedom of Regla (Romero de Terreros family). At the beginning of the 20th century, the Mexican nobility — both titled and untitled — consisted of approximately 1.5% of Mexico’s population, or approximately 200,000 individuals.〔Nutini, The Wages of Conquest, 183-189.〕 Signers of the Mexican Declaration of Independence included: the Marqués de San Juan de Rayas, the Marqués de Salvatierra, the Marqués de Salinas del Río Pisuerga, the Conde de Santa María de Regla, the Marqués de la Cadena, the Marqués de San Miguel de Aguayo, among others. After titles of nobility were abolished in 1824 (and again in 1857), many nobles appended "ex-" to their titles and continued to use them. Failure to renew titles in Spain—and to pay taxes due on the renewal—led to some families' loss of their distinctions. Fewer than two dozen families continue to renew their titles into the present. Historically, some Mexican noble families married into European nobility and some of these unions have produced figures such as Rainier III, Prince of Monaco and Elena Poniatowska, who was a descendent of a brother of Stanislaw August Poniatowski the last King of Poland. Other families who have married into European nobility include the Gutiérrez de Estradas, and the Itúrbides: the Head of the Imperial House of Mexico in exile, Maximilian von Götzen-Itúrbide, is married to a member of the Venetian and Croatian nobility. Most aristocrats remained on the sidelines of the court of the Second Empire. Some, like the Romero de Terreros family, went into official mourning and exiled themselves to their haciendas—or abroad—rather than accept positions at court that would have compromised their fortunes. A few backed the liberals, such as the 2nd Barón de Caserta, who donated funds to arm liberal guerrillas in Jalisco. == Indigenous nobility == The Aztecs and other Indigenous peoples in Mexico had a system of hereditary aristocracy in place when the Spanish arrived in Mexico. The Spaniards respected this system and added to it, resulting in many unions between Aztec and Spanish nobility. Descendents of the elites of pre-Columbian Mexico who received these distinctions included the heirs of the Aztec ruler Moctezuma II; That family became known as the ''Condes de Moctezuma'', and later, the ''Duques of Moctezuma de Tultengo''. The holders of the title, who still reside in Spain, became part of the Spanish nobility in 1766 when they received a grandeza. A branch of their family, on the female side, continued to receive an annual payment from the Mexican government in the amount of some 500 gold ducats until 1938, as part of a contract signed in the 16th century granting Mexico City access to water and lumber on family property. Some families of pure Amerindian ancestry, such as the Mixtec Villagómez family, were among the richest landowners in New Spain after the conquest of the Aztec empire. Despite being part of the colonial elite after the conquest, the Villagómez retained their Mixtec identity, speaking the Mixtec language and keeping a collection of Mixtec codices. Numerous other Indigenous elites collaborated with the conquest, earning noble titles and privileges. Most notably, all the Tlaxcallans, who resettled into northern Mexico, became hidalgos. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mexican nobility」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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